Negotiation is about winning. I definitively ascribe to the idea of "win win" in negotiations, but any combination that ends up with your side in the "lose" column needs to be avoided at all cost. In the worst case situation, that means walking away. It is important to remember that the point of negotiations is not to make the deal but the get a deal that works.
The single most important issue in a negotiation on the buy side is the ability to have options. This is what gives you the ability to negotiate from a position of strength; any negotiation where you know you have to make the deal is not a negotiation at all. It is bickering, at worst it is begging. Even if you are dealing with "Supplier of Choice", it is important to be able to talk to them in a competitive environment. So how do you get there?
Do Your Homework
First you must understand your options in the market place. As you come into yearly negotiations for example. Engage a competitor (or 2) in serious discussions. This will give you real data to use in your negotiations to know what really is a competitive position. Your current supplier will no doubt hear about it as well and likely sharpen their pencils. If things don't go well, you have a real back up to bring in.
Look closely at your stock positions on the product. Insure that you can stand a short interruption of supply or a transition in service. This will also help you if you are forced to accept a price hike. Your incumbent will also likely notice this as well.
Notify your Sr. Management of what you are doing. They will then see your actions as a strategic process in the best interests of the company and not ask you why you "blew the deal" in the event that you do have to back out.
Meet with your team and talk through the issues of what may happen if you do back away from the table and insure that contingencies are in place to deal with other issues.
Set the stage
Relationships are important, you are about to go into a position where you want to appear prepared to walk away from what might be a long term relationship. This can be difficult to do and it can also put unneeded strain on personal relationships that you count on all year. For this you need new hats. What? In a negotiation you need "White Hats" and "Black Hats" (apologies for the cowboy analogy)
A designated Black Hat needs to have approval authority over the deal and be at least somewhat removed from the day to day management of the relationship. This is typically a very highly placed executive in the company who can become involved where needed. He not only serves as a guy who can say no without damaging the personal relationships, but she can also serve as a coach and reviewer of the negotiation. From here the White Hats can conduct the heavy lifting of the discussions. They have the mastery of the details and understand the subtleties of the issues involved and can recommend compromise positions to the Black Hat.
At the same time everyone in the room knows that whatever deal they make has to get past the Black Hat, which keeps both sides aware of the deliverables. To a degree it also puts everyone on the same side, trying to win over the Black Hat, which can result in some very creative solutions to sticky problems.
Taking these actions will position you well to walk away. More importantly, they put you in a very strong position at the table. A good supplier will see that you are well prepared and serious about achieving your goals. Don't be shy about discussing the "homework" you have done. Present this to suppliers as meeting the requirements of an internal process.
Be ready to walk so you really don't have to…
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